Finances Glossary

Decode the buzzwords of the finances space
THE LANGUAGE OF FINANCES
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Startup Glossary  | Finanshels

Glossary

Running a business in the UAE means navigating a financial vocabulary that can feel overwhelming — especially if accounting is not your background. This glossary has been built specifically for UAE business owners, startup founders, and entrepreneurs. Every definition is written in plain English, tied to UAE regulations, and linked to deeper guides where relevant. Bookmark this page. You will come back to it.

Financial Statement

The formal reports summarising a business's financial activity and position. The core financial statements are the Profit and Loss Statement (P&L), Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow Statement. UAE businesses are typically required to produce audited financial statements for banking, trade licensing, and corporate tax purposes.

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Fiscal year

The 12-month period a business uses for financial reporting and tax purposes. While most UAE businesses use the calendar year (January–December), the FTA permits alternative fiscal years.

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Fixed Assets

Long-term tangible assets used in business operations, such as machinery, vehicles, computers, and leasehold improvements. Fixed assets in UAE businesses are depreciated over their useful life and reported on the balance sheet.

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Fixed cost

A fixed cost is a type of cost that remains constant regardless of the volume of goods or services produced.

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Forecasts

Financial forecasting is the process of estimating future financial performance based on an organization's current and historical financial data.

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Fractional CFO

Fractional CFO is a type of financial management service in which a business can hire a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) on a part-time or temporary basis.

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Free cash flow

Free cash flow is a measure of a company's financial performance that indicates how much cash it is generating from its operations after accounting for the purchase of assets, such as property, plant, and equipment.

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Free Cash Flow (FCF)

Free cash flow (FCF) is a measure of a company's financial performance that represents the amount of cash it has available for distribution to shareholders after accounting for capital expenditures.

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Free Zone

A designated UAE jurisdiction where businesses can operate with specific tax, customs, and foreign ownership benefits — distinct from the UAE mainland.

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Free Zone Person (Qualifying)

A free zone entity that meets the FTA's specific criteria to benefit from the 0% corporate tax rate on qualifying income.

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Full-Time Employee (FTE)

A full-time employee (FTE) is someone who works a regular number of hours for an employer. In most cases, a full-time employee works at least 35 to 40 hours per week.

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General Ledger

The master record of all financial transactions of a business, organised by account — the single source of truth for all financial reporting.

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